nautical chart vertical datum vs geodetic vertical datum - SERP Analysis

https://vdatum.noaa.gov/docs/datums.html

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/geodesy/three-datums.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_datum

https://www.propelleraero.com/blog/the-differences-and-evolutions-of-horizontal-and-vertical-datums/

https://psmsl.org/train_and_info/training/reading/canadian_manual/chapter5.pdf

https://www.usgs.gov/about/organization/science-support/office-science-quality-and-integrity/guidance-use-and

https://iho.int/uploads/user/Services%20and%20Standards/DQWG/DQWG16/DQWG16_2021_INF.03_EN_Informative_Chart_and_Land_Survey_Vertical_Datums.pdf

https://landsurveyorsunited.com/forum/topics/vertical-datum-vs-msl

https://noaanhc.wordpress.com/2016/01/29/the-alphabet-soup-of-vertical-datums-why-mhhw-is-mmm-mmm-good/

http://tides.gc.ca/en/vertical-datum-chart-references

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chart_datum

https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/geodetic-system/coordinate-systems-used-new-zealand/vertical-datums

http://svmatilda.blogspot.com/2023/01/one-mans-datum-is-another-mans-ship.html

http://www.siranah.de/html/sail022e.htm

https://www.weather.gov/mhx/Datums

https://www.meted.ucar.edu/oceans/navy_geodesy/print_2.php

https://buzzardsbay.org/technical-data/tidal-datums-ma/

https://www.infomar.ie/sites/default/files/pdfs/GEODESY_DOS.pdf

https://www.mass.gov/info-details/north-american-vertical-datum-of-1988-navd-88

https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/right-of-way/documents/ls-manual/estimating-sea-level-a11y.pdf

https://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/accuracy/part5/part5

https://www.pima.gov/1668/Vertical-Datums

https://charts.gc.ca/data-gestion/standards-normes/3-eng.html

https://iho.int/uploads/user/Services%20and%20Standards/S-100WG/S-101PT12/S-101PT12_2024_06.8_EN_Referencing_Other_Vertical_Datums_V1.pdf

https://dggs.alaska.gov/hazards/coastal/ak-tidal-datum-faq.html

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242112981_National_VDatum-The_implementation_of_a_national_vertical_datum_transformation_database

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pym5dLiDB00

https://www.meted.ucar.edu/GIS/datums_lesson_1/print.php

https://www.mvn.usace.army.mil/Portals/56/docs/Navigation/EDRs/EDR-OD-04%20(9-Sep-2022).pdf

http://pinellas.wateratlas.usf.edu/library/learn-more/learnmore.aspx?toolsection=lm_navd88

https://www.asce.org/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2020/11/getting-the-height-right-the-north-american-vertical-datum-of-1988

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/237/3/032031/pdf

https://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/shoreline-data-content/revisedDraftNationalShorelineDataContentStandard

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01490419.2024.2305898

https://www.xyht.com/spatial-itgis/dealing-vertical-datum-mariners-way/

https://rpls.com/forums/gnss-geodesy/vertical-reference-frames/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuLa6xjwNco

https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA502468.pdf

https://coastalsystemsint.com/media/pop_perspective_v_05.html

https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/abstract/MacAulay.pdf

https://www.hydro-international.com/content/article/vertical-datums-in-the-hudson-river

https://www.fig.net/pub/fig2010/papers/ts10i/ts10i_dodd_mills_et_al_4197.pdf

https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/latest/map/projections/vertical-datums.htm

https://gistbok-ltb.ucgis.org/page/27/concept/8159

https://lidarmag.com/2014/07/05/the-importance-of-horizontal-and-vertical-datums-in-mapping/

https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29SU.1943-5428.0000312

https://www.intermap.com/blog/understanding-vertical-datums

https://www.nordicgeodeticcommission.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/P20_Poster_Benjamin_Hell.pdf

https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/rcc/docs/rcca6/E_CONF.90_L.13.pdf

https://dggs.alaska.gov/hazards/coastal/ak-tidal-datum-portal.html

https://rpls.com/forums/strictly-surveying/vertical-datums/

https://natural-resources.canada.ca/sites/nrcan/files/files/pdf/Height_reference_system_modernization_(EN).pdf

https://ocs.ocpublicworks.com/sites/ocpwocs/files/import/data/files/8453.pdf

https://pointonenav.com/news/wgs84-vs-nad83-vs-itrf-014/

http://sailtrain.co.uk/navigation/charts.htm

https://enterprise-insights.dji.com/blog/what-is-datum-in-surveying

https://www.broward.org/Environment/FloodZoneMaps/Pages/AboutVerticalDatum.aspx

https://www.fema.gov/about/glossary/national-geodetic-vertical-datum-ngvd-1929

https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/portals/76/publications/engineermanuals/em_1110-2-6056.pdf

https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/11-vertical-datum-used-nautical-charts-differ-geodetic-vertical-datum-12-tasked-conduct-dr-q117978228

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338170012_Sea_Level_Modeling_and_Realization_of_Lowest_Astronomical_Tide_LAT_for_Alexandria_Harbor_Egypt

https://wateroffice.ec.gc.ca/report/datum_faq_e.html

https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/right-of-way/documents/ls-manual/04-surveys-a11y.pdf

https://geodesy.noaa.gov/corbin/class_description/NGS_Datums_video_2c/

https://www.starpath.com/cgi-bin/web_card/courses/glossary.pl?show_def=2582&cat=Emergency_Navigation

https://www.hrbrrd.ny.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/FEMA-ngvd_navd.pdf

https://webapp.csrs-scrs.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/geod/data-donnees/datum-transformation.php?locale=en

https://gisgeography.com/vertical-datum/

https://taltech.glowbase.com/download/position/752

http://www.c4g.lsu.edu/index.php/faqs/louisiana-spatial-reference-center-lsrc/is-ngvd29-the-same-as-mean-sea-level

https://main.putnam-fl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/NGVDtoNAVD.pdf

https://savannahga.gov/FAQ.aspx?QID=336

https://www.linz.govt.nz/guidance/geodetic-system/coordinate-systems-used-new-zealand/understanding-datums-and-projections

https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/help/mapping/properties/vertical-datums.htm

https://epsg.io/?q=China%20%20kind%3AVERTDAT

https://jthaddeus-eldredge.squarespace.com/s/Local-Vertical-Datum-Conversion-NAVD-vs-NGVD-2011-0624.pdf

https://www.swfwmd.state.fl.us/blog/district-upgrading-vertical-datum

https://geohubkenya.wordpress.com/2017/06/16/vertical-datum/

https://www.washingtonsurveyor.com/blog/what-are-vertical-datums

https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/b08/tm11B8.pdf

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13921541.1999.10552856

https://support.virtual-surveyor.com/support/solutions/articles/1000261349-the-difference-between-ellipsoidal-geoid-and-orthometric-elevations-

https://geozoneblog.wordpress.com/2012/09/24/why-am-i-mean-about-sea-level/

https://www.hydro-international.com/content/article/vertical-datums-in-the-hudson-river?output=pdf

https://help.maptek.com/pointstudio/2024.1/topics/online-help/quick-reference/understanding-coordinate-systems.htm

https://pointonenav.com/news/world-geodetic-system/

https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Vertical_Datum_Conversion_Guidance_Nov_2023.pdf

https://www.esri.com/about/newsroom/arcuser/mean-sea-level-gps-geoid

https://scspls.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/SCSPLS-August-2019.pdf

https://mdgs.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/RCC/docs/rccap14/E_Conf.89_INF8.pdf

https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA488949.pdf

https://jerrymahun.com/index.php/home/open-access/93-updating/432-chapter-f-vertical-datum?showall=1

https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/ihr/article/download/23577/27350/35897

https://ubc-library-rc.github.io/map-projections/content/datum.html

https://blog.geogarage.com/2010/05/noaa-meets-on-benefits-of-improved-3d.html

https://ltb.itc.utwente.nl/page/498/concept/81627

https://www.icsm.gov.au/education/fundamentals-mapping/datums/datums-explained-more-detail

https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/dpw/surveyor/vertcontrol.html

https://sailingissues.com/courses/navigationcourse2.html