history of convoy and routing - SERP Analysis

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convoy

https://www.navygeneralboard.com/a-brief-synopsis-of-the-convoy/

https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/a-5-minute-history-of-arctic-convoys

https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2008/june/navys-atlantic-war-learning-curve

https://www.history.navy.mil/research/publications/documentary-histories/united-states-navy-s/convoy-and-landings/maps/convoy-route.html

https://study.com/academy/lesson/convoy-system-definition-ww1-ww2.html

https://library.fiveable.me/key-terms/europe-1890-1945/convoy-systems

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https://nmmc.co.uk/2023/11/the-history-and-value-of-convoys-at-sea/

https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-convoys-that-helped-save-britain-during-the-second-world-war

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convoys_in_World_War_I

https://north-convoys.com/en/history_of_the_northern_convoys/the_routes_of_northern_convoys.html

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-convoy-system-When-and-why-was-it-adopted-by-the-Allies-in-World-War-II

https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1950/august/atlantic-convoys

https://www.academia.edu/5535728/World_War_II_Convoy_Routes

https://www.lermuseum.org/second-world-war-1939-45/1940/convoy-system-1940-1945

https://study.com/academy/lesson/video/convoy-system-definition-ww1-ww2.html

https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Convoy

https://www.junobeach.org/canada-in-wwii/articles/convoys/

https://www.history.org.uk/files/download/4842/1269273001/atlantic_convoys.pdf

https://www.mvpa.org/convoys

https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/the-murmansk-run-running-the-gauntlet-of-wwiis-arctic-convoys/

https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/eou8s3/the_convoy_system_worked_great_against_uboats_in/

http://www.naval-history.net/MapB1940-AtlanticConvoyRoutes.htm

https://www.britannica.com/topic/convoy-naval-operations

https://ww2talk.com/index.php?threads/convoy-ships.95286/

https://www.benjidog.co.uk/Nautical%20Links/WW2%20Convoy%20Routes.php

https://www.quora.com/Did-any-of-the-Atlantic-convoys-during-World-War-2-take-any-unusual-routes-to-avoid-detection-by-U-boats-Kriegsmarine-surface-ships-and-the-Luftwaffe

https://transportation.army.mil/history/pdf/publications/circle-the-wagons.pdf

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https://ww2talk.com/index.php?threads/convoy-routes-to-mid-and-far-east.41182/

https://medium.com/the-dock-on-the-bay/the-longest-military-convoy-in-history-6c82df230067

https://www.ww2history.org/2021/04/

https://uboat.net/ops/convoys/routes.php

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1366554518311815

https://www.brooklineconnection.com/history/Facts/Convoy1919.html

http://jjwargames.blogspot.com/2023/07/convoys-british-struggle-against.html

https://north-convoys.com/en/history_of_the_northern_convoys.html

http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol064ig.html

https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/40j1if/why_was_the_convoy_system_not_implemented_at_the/

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https://www.royal-naval-association.co.uk/convoy-1940-hx-79

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https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/convoys

https://forums.matrixgames.com/viewtopic.php?t=373794

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https://subsim.com/radioroom//showthread.php?p=2911163

http://ww2f.com/threads/battle-of-the-atlantic-convoy-resources.55846/

https://alertdiver.eu/en_US/blog/a-dive-into-history-the-battle-of-the-convoys/

https://www.veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/wars-and-conflicts/second-world-war/battle-of-the-atlantic

http://www.usmm.org/ww2.html

https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-D201-PURL-gpo69140/pdf/GOVPUB-D201-PURL-gpo69140.pdf

https://www.prrcd.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Celebrating-the-1919-U.S.-Army-Convoy-on-the-Lincoln-Highway-Booklet.pdf

https://www.keymilitary.com/article/convoy

https://www.sabaton.net/historical-facts/attack-on-convoy-on-92/

https://www.cgaalumni.org/show_module_fw2.aspx?sid=1043&gid=1&control_id=8795&nologo=1&cvprint=1&page_id=4112&crid=0&viewas=user

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http://users.accesscomm.ca/shipwreck/index4.htm

https://www.naval-history.net/WW2CampaignsAtlanticDev2.htm

https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/horror-arctic-catastrophe-convoy-pq-17

https://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/threads/something-terribly-wrong-with-convoy-speed.1161580/

https://veteransbreakfastclub.org/the-zig-zag-clock-the-most-important-wwii-artifact-youve-never-heard-of/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/22711505%40N05/27633097908

https://london.mid.ru/en/countries/stranitsy_istori/arctic_allied_convoys/

https://worldofwarships.com/en/news/general-news/convoy-defend-or-destroy/

https://www.abmc.gov/news-events/news/protecting-allied-ships-during-wwi-convoy-system-comes-gibraltar/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OehtY8nARME

https://www.royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk/ESCORT/TRACKER.htm

https://anzacportal.dva.gov.au/wars-and-missions/ww1/military-organisation/transport

https://www.lindahall.org/experience/digital-exhibitions/ribbons-across-the-land/03-u-s-army-transcontinental-convoy/

https://www.wearethemighty.com/history/the-german-convoy-attack-what-started-the-cold-war/

https://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=298

https://militaryhistorynow.com/2023/10/23/the-battle-for-convoy-hg-76-how-new-allied-tactics-took-hitlers-u-boat-wolfpacks-by-surprise/

https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/military-convoy-routes.html

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https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/the-codebreakers-war-in-the-atlantic/

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https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a1142083.shtml

https://ww2ondeadline.com/2020/07/13/greyhound-tom-hanks-atlantic-convoys/

https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/stories/recognition-those-who-served-second-world-war-arctic-convoys

https://www.thecollector.com/convoy-system-save-britain-in-world-war-i/

https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop05029/chapter_3.htm

https://navymuseum.co.nz/explore/by-themes/world-war-two-by-themes/malta-convoys/

https://dorindabalchin.com/2019/10/11/the-worst-journey-in-the-world-the-arctic-convoys-of-world-war-2/

https://aspectsofhistory.substack.com/p/convoy-hg-76

https://pitsenberger.com/blog/the-convoy-is-coming

https://media-cdn.dvidshub.net/pubs/pdf_49876.pdf

https://comandosupremo.com/amp/axis-convoys/

https://www.warhistoryonline.com/world-war-ii/destruction-pq-17-misjudged-intelligence-led-loss-world-war-two-convoy.html

https://transportation.army.mil/history/studies/red_ball_express.html

https://www.astro.princeton.edu/~jeremy/BattleoftheAtlantic.pdf

http://ww2f.com/threads/did-convoy-ships-to-england-during-wwii-do-a-return-trip.74450/

https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1287/opre.10.6.774